When you are buying your next electrical appliance, don’t just be price-smart, be energy-smart as well. The more energy-efficient an appliance is, the less it costs to run. That can save you money on your utility bills. Because using less energy can reduce air pollution and conserve natural resources, it’s also good for the environment.

There are differences in appliances that make one more efficient than another. Most of these differences are on the inside, in the motors, compressors, pumps, valves, gaskets and seals, or in the electronic sensors that make appliances more “intelligent.”

All major home appliances must meet federal minimum energy standards set by the Department of Energy. Manufacturers are required to use standard tests developed by the department to determine the energy use and efficiency of their products. Many have these tests performed by independent laboratories. The test results are displayed on an Energy Guide label attached to each appliance. Retailers are required to display these stickers on appliances they offer for sale.

The Energy Guide information is designed to help you compare the annual energy use or efficiency of competing brands and similar models. Since some appliances use even less energy than the legally required minimum, it’s well worth you while to check out Energy Guide labels.

Look for these distinctive yellow-and-black stickers on clothes washers, dishwashers, refrigerator-freezers and heaters, as well as home heating and cooling equipment. Some appliances, like clothes dryers, kitchen ranges and microwave ovens are exempt from the labeling rule. That is because there is little difference in the energy use among the different models.If you don’t see a label, ask a salesperson for the information.

Have a shopping strategy. Consider the following:

1. Decide on the size and style. Measure the space the appliance will occupy to be sure your new purchase will fit it. It may determine the capacity and style you buy. Make sure, too, that you will have enough room to open the door or lid fully and enough clearance for ventilation.

2. Know where to shop. Appliance outlets, electronics stores and local retailers may carry different brands and models. Factors to consider include the selection available, price, reputation or reliability and warranties.

3. Decide on key features and what to spend. Generally, the larger and more deluxe the appliance, the higher the sticker price. Look for the best combination of performance, efficiency, convenience and price that you can afford. What features will you need today or five years from now?

4. Compare the performance of different brands and models. Ask your salesperson for the manufacturer’s product literature. Learn what each feature is designed to do and decide which are essential for you. Ask questions about how they operate: How much noise does it make? How energy efficient is it? How much water does it use? What is the repair history on this brand or model?

5. Estimate how much the energy use will cost. Appliances that use more energy cost more to operate. Since these products are designed to last 10 to 20 years, the differences on your monthly bill can add up. Check your utility bill for energy costs in your area. Use the Energy Guide to compare the energy use of different models.

6. Ask about special energy efficiency offers. Ask your local utility or salesperson whether there are cash rebates, low interest loans, or other incentive programs in your area for buying energy efficient products, and how you can qualify. Additional savings could be just a few easy steps away.

7. Resist high-pressure sales tactics. Don’t make a purchase decision until you think you understand your choices and the trade-offs you’re making.

Being an energy-smart consumer also means getting the best energy performance from appliances you already own. Here are some ways to cut energy waste without sacrificing comfort or convenience:

Move the refrigerator if it is currently located near the stove, dishwasher or heat vents. Vacuum the coils every three months; dirt build-up makes the machine work harder to keep contents cool. Check the door gadgets for air leaks. If ice build-up in the freezer is more than one-quarter inch thick, defrost.

Scrape but don’t rinse your dishes by hand if you have a dishwasher that automatically pre-rinses or has a rinse-hold cycle. Machines with these features are designed to dispose of all food particles. Using the “enery saver” option found on many machines can reduce the energy needed to wash a load of dishes. Save time and water.

Preheat your oven only when the recipe calls for it and turn off the oven shortly before the recipe suggests.

Match the water level and temperature settings on your clothes washer to the size of your load. Don’t fill the tub for just a few small items. Follow the manufacturer’s directions for other energy savings hints.

Consumer Forum is a collaborative effort of the Bangor Daily News and Northeast COMBAT. Send your questions to Consumer Forum, Bangor Daily News, P.O. Box 1329, Bangor 04402-1329. COMBAT is a membership organization with basic dues of $10 a year. For membership information write to the above address. Please enclose a large, stamped, self-addressed envelope.