You may have heard of lymphedema, but may not be sure what it is or how it occurs. Perhaps you have a loved one who suffers from this condition.

What exactly is lymphedema? The word means swelling in the area of the affected lymph nodes. This swelling or “edema” is caused by a buildup of lymphatic fluid when the fluid can no longer travel effectively through the lymphatic system – and instead spreads into the surrounding tissues.

This buildup can occur anywhere in the body, but is most common in the arms and legs. If left untreated, this fluid can reduce oxygen in the extremity and interfere with wound healing. It can also lead to infection.

There are two types of lymphedema – primary and secondary.

Primary lymphedema can occur at birth or appear at any age, and its causes are unknown.

Secondary lymphedema can develop as a result of trauma, infection or surgery. Surgeries which require the removal of lymph nodes – in particular breast cancer surgery – are among the most common risk factors for secondary lymphedema.

Radiation therapy can also damage the lymph nodes and increase the risk of developing lymphedema.

Normally, after surgery, some swelling occurs. This post-surgery swelling is not uncommon and does not necessarily mean the individual has lymphedema. However, if the swelling persists or develops over time, it is important to seek medical attention, since this may be a sign of lymphedema.

Other lymphedema symptoms to watch for include a full sensation in the limb; skin tightness; decreased flexibility of the extremity; or redness.

If lymphedema is diagnosed, once the infection is treated, the physician may refer the patient to a certified lymphedema therapist, who specializes in the treatment of this condition.

Although there is presently no cure for lymphedema, many treatment options are available to help control it and prevent complications such as loss of functioning of the limb.

These treatment options may include manual lymphatic drainage, compression therapy and compression bandaging to help drain the lymph nodes and reduce the swelling.

In addition, proper skin care is very important to help keep the affected area clean and free from fungus. Specific exercises may also be recommended. Exercise can be helpful because it drains the fluid from affected areas back into the bloodstream.

Anyone who has been diagnosed with lymphedema, as well as family members, are encouraged to participate in a free support group offered through St. Joseph Healthcare.

This is an open forum to discuss patients’ concerns and learn self-care techniques.

The first meeting will be held on March 20, and meetings will be held thereafter on the third Wednesday of every month.

Participants have a choice of a noon-1 p.m. session or 5-6 p.m. session. All meetings will be held in the St. Francis Boardroom, in the former firehouse on Center Street across from St. Joseph Hospital’s ambulatory surgery entrance.

By taking advantage of a support group, those suffering from lymphedema will have the opportunity to share their experiences and gain important knowledge, which will help them cope with lymphedema. For further information about the support group at St. Joseph Hospital, call 262-2212.

Diane Galutia is a public affairs associate at St. Joseph Healthcare.