Elderly at risk for heat-related exhaustion, stroke

Remember last February when it was snowy and icy cold and we dreamed of the day summer would arrive? Well, it’s here with a vengeance.

We all know how hard cold weather is on the elderly, but extreme heat can be just as dangerous. Hyperthermia, not to be confused with hypothermia, is the term used to define heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke.

“The most important thing for older adults to understand is that they are at risk for hyperthermia,” said Amy Cotton, program director for Rosscare’s Center for Healthy Aging. “Any hot day can increase the risk of a heat-related health problem, particularly for those persons of advanced age and-or those with heart, lung or kidney disease.”

Heat exhaustion occurs when the body gets too hot. Thirst, giddiness, weakness, becoming uncoordinated, nausea and sweating profusely are clear signs that heat exhaustion is setting in.

Treatments include showering, bathing or sponging off with cool water; drinking fluids such as water and juice; and lying down to rest, preferably in a cool place. If you happen to be in the sun, find shelter immediately.

While heat exhaustion can be addressed fairly easily, heat stroke can be deadly, so immediate medical attention is crucial. The list of possible symptoms is lengthy: a body temperature of 104 degrees, confusion, combativeness, bizarre behavior, faintness, staggering, strong rapid pulse, dry, flushed skin, lack of sweating and possible delirium or coma.

If you or someone you know exhibits any of these symptoms, call 911 immediately.

“Preventing and reducing risks are key for seniors to stay healthy in hot weather,” said Cotton. “It’s important to talk to primary care providers about individual risk factors. These might include the use of certain medications, required fluid intake and assessment of home environments. As we age, the body’s ability to release heat by sweating is blunted, making it particularly dangerous for seniors to stay in very warm environments for long periods of time.”

Homebound seniors living in dwellings without air conditioning or adequate fans should be especially cautious.

“Unfortunately we don’t have shelters set up at this time for heat-related issues,” said Michael Henderson, director of emergency services for the Pine Tree Chapter of the Red Cross. “We also do not have any funds with which to purchase air conditioners or fans for those in need.

“We refer callers to the Community and Social Services Information Line,” he said. “It is like a clearinghouse of social services agencies. You just call and tell the operator what you need and you will be given the number of the agency that can best help.” That number is 973-6815 or (800) 204-2803.

The Red Cross does have a disaster preparedness booklet for seniors by seniors, said Henderson. The publication doesn’t deal specifically with heat, but does contain useful information. To get your copy, call the Red Cross at 941-2903.

Henderson recommends that people open windows at night on opposite sides of the building, if possible, to create cross-ventilation. During the day, windows, blinds and curtains should be kept closed.

If you have a fan and a squirt bottle, you’ve got a good way to stay cool. Sit in front of the fan and lightly mist your legs and arms. As the water evaporates, your skin will cool down.

Be careful of overdressing. Older people may not feel the heat accurately, and consequently can put themselves at risk by wearing too much or inappropriate clothing. My 94-year-old grandmother has been known to wear a sweater on a 90-degree day.

Lightweight, light-colored, loose fitting garments made of natural fibers are best.

Drinking more liquids is vital to avoid hyperthermia. However, if your doctor has put limits on your fluid intake or has prescribed water pills, check before changing your behavior.

And take heart. You know what they say about Maine, “If you don’t like the weather – wait a minute.” Before you know it I will be advising you on ways to keep warm as the snow flies.

Carol Higgins is director of communications at Eastern Agency on Aging. For information on EAA programs and services, call Chuck or Marilyn in the Resource and Referral department at 941-2865, or log on www.eaaa.org.