Oral test for HIV easier, less invasive

BANGOR – Testing for the presence of HIV antibodies has grown much easier and is far less invasive than it was 15 years ago when the Eastern Maine AIDS Network opened its doors, according to Denis Cranson, EMAN’s executive director.

The oral test developed by a Pennsylvania company allows agencies like EMAN to administer the test in less threatening and more private settings such as EMAN offices, private homes, shelters and places where at-risk populations gather informally. Previously, a blood test was needed to diagnose HIV and people had to go to a hospital, clinic or laboratory to have blood drawn, said Cranson.

The OraSure HIV-1 test uses oral fluid obtained using a specially treated pad that is placed between the gum and lower cheek for two minutes. The pad is then placed in a preservative and sent to a clinical laboratory where it is tested for the presence of HIV antibodies. The results are returned to the agency, where personnel discuss them with the person being tested.

The Food and Drug Administration approved the test in 1996. EMAN began using it that same year, more than five years before state agencies approved its use. The cost of the oral test is about the same as for the blood test, according to Cranson.

Approval is pending before the FDA for a rapid-format test that can detect HIV antibodies in oral fluid, whole blood serum or plasma within 20 minutes. The OraQuick HIV test is being used outside the United States to diagnose HIV and AIDS.