Common questions on prostate

Here are questions and answers about prostate cancer from the American Cancer Society.

1.What is prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer is a malignancy that develops from cells of the prostate gland that may eventually spread outside the gland to other parts of the body. The prostate gland is about the size of a walnut and is behind the base of the genitals and under the bladder. Most prostate cancers grow very slowly; however, some prostate cancers spread quickly to other areas.

2.What causes prostate cancer?

It is not known exactly what causes prostate cancer, though researchers have identified some risk factors and are making progress toward understanding how these factors cause prostate cells to become cancerous. It is thought that high levels of androgens, the male hormones, may contribute to prostate cancer risk in some men. A diet high in animal fat – dairy and meat – seems to increase the risk of prostate cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends a diet low in fat and consisting mostly of vegetables, fruits, and grains.

3.What are the American Cancer Society’s early detection guidelines?

The current American Cancer Society early detection guidelines, updated in August 2000, are recommendations, not rules. The guidelines are flexible:

. Men 50 and older should be offered early detection tests annually.

. Men at high risk – those with a family history of prostate cancer and African Americans – should begin early detection testing at age 45.

. Before being tested, men should be provided with information about the benefits and limitations of testing.

4.How is prostate cancer treated?

Methods include surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, watchful waiting or deferred therapy and experimental clinical trials. Men need to discuss the most appropriate course of action with their physicians.