WASHINGTON – The makers of pesticides and weed killers can be sued and forced to pay damages if their products cause harm, the Supreme Court ruled Wednesday, rejecting the view of the Bush administration and reversing a series of lower courts.

The 7-2 ruling permits lawsuits by farmers whose crops are damaged by pesticides, as well as suits by consumers who are hurt by bug sprays.

In its first ruling on the scope of the 1972 pesticide law, the justices said the federal requirement that chemical companies submit their products for approval by the Environmental Protection Agency did not “give pesticide manufacturers virtual immunity” from being sued if those products proved to be harmful to people, plants or animals.

Wednesday’s ruling restores the law to what it had been before the 1990s.

During most of the 20th century, Americans who were hurt or killed by toxic chemicals could sue the maker of the product in state court. But more recently, lawyers for the chemical industry convinced courts in much of the nation that the federal law regulating these pesticides barred such lawsuits in state courts.

Four years ago, the Bush administration adopted this pro-industry position, saying that once a pesticide or weed killer had won EPA approval, it had a federal shield against being sued – even if the product did not work as advertised.

The case of 29 Texas peanut farmers illustrated the issue. Five years ago, they were persuaded by agents of Dow Chemical Co. to try Strongarm, a powerful, newly approved weed killer. The farmers say Strongarm killed not just their weeds, but also their peanut plants.

“They just plain withered away,” said Ronnie Love, 63, who said he applied Strongarm to 150 acres when he seeded his fields that spring. Despite a summer of heavy watering, the peanut plants were stunted and failed to produce a crop, he said.

Love and the other farmers say Dow reneged on a promise to compensate them for millions of dollars in crop losses. They notified the company that they intended to sue in a Texas court under the terms of the state’s consumer protection law, which allows suits for products that are defective or are deceptively marketed.

But before they could file their claims, lawyers for Dow went to a U.S. district court in Lubbock, Texas, and asserted its shield against such suits.

A federal judge agreed with Dow and dismissed the farmers’ suit. And the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans agreed as well, saying that federal law that regulates pesticides “pre-empts.” or bars, lawsuits in a state court. The California Supreme Court handed down a similar ruling five years ago.

But the Supreme Court took up the case of the peanut farmers – Bates vs. Dow AgroSciences – and ruled Wednesday that the lower courts were wrong to throw out such claims.

Justice John Paul Stevens noted that the EPA does not even test the products to see if they are effective. It simply relies on information supplied by the manufacturer.

After Strongarm damaged the peanut crops in Texas, Dow changed its product label to say the weed killer should not be used in regions with high alkaline soils, which are common in Texas and Oklahoma. But the company did not admit that it was liable for the earlier damage.

Patti Goldman, a lawyer in Seattle for the environmental group Earthjustice, said the ruling also would help consumers and workers harmed by pesticides. She and other lawyers cited cases of children sickened by pesticides that had drifted from fields.