WASHINGTON – Lawmakers voted Wednesday to cut federal aid to education for the first time in a decade as the House narrowly passed a spending bill that would freeze or cut back a wide variety of domestic programs.

The $602 billion measure covers education, health research, and medical and job training programs, among others. After years of budget increases, the measure essentially imposes a 1 percent cut to programs funded at lawmakers’ discretion, providing $142.5 billion for them. The rest of the funding in the bill represents mandatory payments, chiefly for the Medicare and Medicaid programs.

The cuts in the bill, a compromise between very different House and Senate versions, would be magnified by an additional 1 percent across-the-board cut to all agency budgets that GOP leaders promise to pass before Congress adjourns. Taken together, about $3 billion worth of cuts would be spread across budgets for the departments of Education, Labor, and Health and Human Services.

Medical research funded by the National Institutes of Health – whose budget was doubled over recent years – would be frozen at last year’s levels, which promises to limit the amount of new research projects.

Programs funded under President Bush’s No Child Left Behind education law would face a 4 percent cut, while aid for special education and Title I funding for disadvantaged children would be frozen at last year’s levels, assuming the across-the-board cut is imposed.

U.S. Reps. Tom Allen and Michael Michaud, D-Maine, both voted against the measure.

“The House of Representatives defeated this flawed bill weeks ago because it was a bad deal for our health care providers, schools, and workers,” Michaud said in a statement.

The 215-213 vote caps a successful drive by Bush and his GOP allies on Capitol Hill to trim the budgets of most domestic agencies below prior-year levels. And, after years of bundling appropriations bills into omnibus measures, Republicans managed to get the process back on track and pass the 11 annual spending bills as stand-alone measures.

Wednesday’s vote came just weeks after a virtually identical bill was defeated after protests from GOP moderates and lawmakers were upset over cuts to rural health initiatives. Senior lawmakers made minor modifications to the measure, adding back $90 million for rural health programs.

Still, steep cuts remain in grant programs for medical training, community colleges, rural health care and state and local health departments, when compared with spending for the last fiscal year, which ended Sept. 30

Democrats harshly attacked the bill as an assault on children and the poor and noted that Wednesday’s debate came one week after the House passed $95 billion worth of tax breaks, extending lower taxes on capital gains and dividends. Democrats argued that those tax cuts benefit wealthy investors.

Republicans said they had produced the best bill they could in lean budget times and noted that the bill’s funding had more than doubled since Republicans gained control of Congress 11 years ago.